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Livestock Manure is a precious biological resource that contains three important fertilizer elements: nitrogen (N), Phosphoric acid (P205), and soluble potash (K2O) as well as various essential substances and it facilitates matter circulation in biological resources circulating agricultural system, hinders destruction of ecosystem, contributes to the activation and stabilization of soil ecosystem. However, with the advance of intensive livestock farming system, the utilization of biological resources such as livestock manure has regressed and it brought about a significant impact on the stable development of livestock farming environment preservation and management. Thus, it is necessary to apply livestock waste utilization technology with a new concept based on livestock manure recycling.

This technology is a livestock manure utilization technology that uses a centrifuge to separate urine and excrements from livestock manure. Then after the fertilization process, it transforms excrements into marketable fertilizers and turns urine into high quality liquid fertilizers by means of SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) technique suitable for regional and seasonal requirements. Also when it is impossible to use liquid fertilizers, after biological treatment, SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) treated-water can meet flash requirements demanded by customers

Liquid fertilizer Production Process
① Livestock manure generated from a pigsty is stored in storage tank
② The stored livestock manure is divided into urine and excrements by a centrifuge
③ Separated excrements is transferred to a fertilizing tank
④ Separate urine is sent to a SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) then transformed into liquid fertilizers then sprayed

For flash treatment / When a solid eliminated liquid fertilizer is in need
⑤ Using centrifuge, effluent from SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) divide into solid and liquid
⑥ Send solid to a fertilizing tank
⑦ Use liquid as liquid fertilizer / Send to a water treatment facility at the next stage

Characteristics
- Produce liquid fertilizers through highly-concentrated aerobic bacteria and hydrodynamic reaction
- Produce tailor-made liquid fertilizers that completely remove Dissolved Organic Matters then adjust their nitrogen contents to
  meet the requirements of customer (discretionary adjustment of nitrogen contents)
- Possible to produce concentrated liquid fertilizer by repressing the elimination of emulsion-state fertilizer elements through a
   freeze-melting method treatment operation
- Kill E. Coli and accelerate producing liquid fertilizers with high temperature aerobic reaction (40~60℃)
- Through secondary solid elimination process by a centrifuge, produce liquid fertilizer for house farming that should not have
   any solids and ones for general farming that do not need solid elimination
- Through secondary solid elimination process by a centrifuge, there is no re-decay by microbes when stored for a long time
   and no changes in quality
- There is no unnecessary loss in nutrients by a very short liquid fertilizer process (about 24 hrs)
- Save more than 60% on electricity bills through short-term processing, the use of air-liquid mixing pump that has higher
   oxygen delivery efficiency compared with the traditional compost method
- By increase dissolved oxygen efficiency with ejector/ air-liquid mixing pump, it activates microbes; reduce noises by
   reducing air blower volume
- By retaining highly-concentrated aerobic bacteria, strong to variation in concentration and flow of entered water.
- Reduce expenses for sites and construction work by shortened staying time.
- Freely adjust air supply volume, agitator speed, with an air-liquid mixing pump that can adjust rotation no. from 10 to
   1,500rpm.
- Automatic operation
- Designed in consideration of engineering efficiency as it is developed in part of the next generation project of Ministry of
   Environment

Principle

SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) decomposes Dissolved Organic Matters in a short time to produce liquid fertilizer or reinforces and stabilizes the efficiency of treatment facility by ① effectively delivering air, ② appropriate and hydrodynamic agitating power, ③ activation of microbes, and ④ harmonizing livestock wastewater characteristics.
The fundamental principle of SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) is to decompose and fertilize dissolvable matters with highly intensive aerobic bacteria and to transform particulate matter and some dissolvable matters into enlarging particles by appropriate agitating power and the activation of microbes then eliminate unnecessary organic matter and solids by separation at the later reaction tank.
Reaction tank consists of ① occlusion type reaction that horizontally links the 1st reaction tank, the 2nd reaction tank and the 3rd reaction tank; ② air-liquid mixing pump that simultaneously conducts three different roles such as providing air, agitating, pumping; and ③ ejector that maximizes dissolved oxygen efficiency by effectively mixing internal water/original water and air.

Operation Method
- Inflow water passes the 1st reaction tank, the 2nd reaction tank and the 3rd reaction tank through original water pipe then is
discharged outside after being treated
- Some of the treated liquid is transferred from the 3rd reaction tank to the 1st reaction tank (adjust nitrogen contents)
- Decompose organic matters by bringing and agitating air in reaction tanks through ejector or air pipe using air-liquid mixing
pump
- Adjust the amount of external gas emission depending on required nitrogen contents in liquid fertilizers

As livestock manure consists of urine and excrements, it is necessary to separate urine and excrements then transform excrements to resources through a fertilization process while urine is treated in a treatment facility. This SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) technique uses a centrifuge to separate urine and excrements without chemical injection and effectively carries out the resource utilization (fertilization) of divided excrements as it ① does not inject chemicals; ② has relatively lower moisture than other centrifuges; and ③ delicately separated excrements effectively on contact with oxygen in the air.
Also, it releases final SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) treated water after separating large particulates and the treated water in effused water at the later stage. According to the size and condition of treatment facility, one centrifuge is arranged to carry out the treatment of released water from SAB (Singang Advanced Biological Reactor) by taking turns or to be solely in charge of treating the released water with two units.

Centrifuge deals centrifugal force on entered object in a rapidly rotating drum (bowl) to quickly settle solids by means of difference in volume between liquid and solid then transfers settled solids inside of the drum with revolving screw conveyor to release it at the cone shape slope while keeping a consistent speed difference from the rotating drum. The liquid is discharged at the discharge hole through a spiral aqueduct
Centrifuge is composed of rotating drum (Bowl), Screw conveyor, Gearbox, casing that protects rotating part, motor to rotate the drum, a Differential Motor that controls the number of rotation, and electrical control panel. Rotating drum spins at a very high speed while the rotation no. of screw conveyor in the rotating drum can be controlled as fixed operation by gearbox deceleration rates or by differential motor

Characteristics
- Perform Centrifuge (no chemical injection) and Centrifugal dehydration (chemical injection) with one machine
- Arbitrary control of moisture rate in solid
- Very advantageous for liquid fertilizer processing with smooth air contact of discharged liquid
- With solid’s easy contact with air, it is excellent in aerobic fertilization
- When the post- process needs flash, the concentration of solid in separated water can be modified.
- As all process procedure is sealed no odor will be created
- Possible to carry out unmanned automatic operation

Ingredient	livestock manure fertilizer (liquid) (Rural Area Promotion Notice no. 2005-26)	On-going SAB process test performance DATA
Nitrogen	Over 0.3	0.5%
Arsenic	Below 5㎎/㎏	N.D
cadmium	Below 0.5㎎/㎏	N.D
mercury	Below 0.2㎎/㎏	N.D
lead	Below 15㎎/㎏	N.D
chrome	Below 30㎎/㎏	0.06㎎/㎏
copper	Below 50㎎/㎏	7.73㎎/㎏
Zinc	Below 130㎎/㎏	21.4㎎/㎏
Nickel	Below 5㎎/㎏	0.37㎎/㎏
Salt	Below 0.3%	Below 0.2%
Moisture	Over 95%	-
E. Coli	-	N.D
salmonella	-	N.D

- Singang Hi-Tech Co., Ltd Ecology & Environment Research Institute (Seong-sun, Park, Director )
- Jireh Ecotech Co., Ltd (Tae-gon, Kim, Director)
- Environmental Engineering Research Lab, University of Seoul (Chul-hui, Park, Professor)
- Environmental Engineering Research Lab, Yonsei University (Yeon-gyu, Chung, Professor)
- Animal Resources & Industrial Machinery Research Lab, Sunchon National University (Ji-hyung, Hong, Professor)